Abu Al Qasim
| Abu Al-Qasim | |
 | |
| Nickname (s) | Aboulcassis, Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn Abbas al-Zahrawi, ) (Arabic) |
|---|---|
| Birth | to 940 Zahra ( Spain ) |
| Deaths | to 1013 Cordoba ( Spain ) |
| Occupation (s) | surgeon |
Abu Al-Qasim, or Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn Abbas al-Zahrawi ) is one of the greatest surgeons Muslims , considered a founding father of surgery today.
Summary |
Biography
He was born around 940 in Al Zahra , a small village a few miles northwest of Cordoba in Andalusia , where he spent his entire life in the reign of the Caliphs Umayyad Abderrahman III and Al-Hakam II.
We know only little about her life outside of what one learns from his works: the palace of Madinat al-Zahra was pillaged and destroyed during the civil war within the caliphate. His name appears for the first time in the writings of Abu Muhammad ibn Hazm ( 993 - 1 064 ), which placed him among the greatest physicians of Moorish Spain. His first biography was written sixty years after his death by al-Humayd in his book al-Jadhwat Muqtabis (Andalusian Scientists).
He spent most of his life in El Zahra where he studied, taught and practiced medicine and surgery until 1011 , when El-Zahra was sacked.
Work
Abu Al-Qasim was a court physician to the caliph Al-Hakam II. He devoted his entire life to the advancement of medicine, especially surgery. His great work, the Al-Tasrif (practice) is a medical encyclopedia of thirty volumes that reviewed the medical knowledge of his day and confronts her own personal experience.
The influence of Abu al-Qasim in the West extends over five centuries: Al-Tasrif is translated into Latin in the twelfth century and became the medical reference. In XIV century , the French surgeon Guy de Chauliac made reference to Al-Tasrif more than two hundred times. Argallata Pietro depicts Al-Qasim as "without doubt the king of Surgeons. During the Renaissance , his work is still cited, especially by the French surgeon Jacques Dalchamps.
Al-Tasrif
The Kitab al-Tasrif ( ; The method in medicine) major work of Abu al-Qasim in thirty volumes covers many fields, including dentistry and childbirth, adding many personal details from nearly fifty-year career. He stressed in his book the importance of doctor / patient relationship and wrote affectionately positive about his students, whom he called "my children". He also insisted on providing care regardless of social status differences. He was an advocate of thorough inspection of each case in order to establish the most accurate diagnosis possible, and therefore recommend the best treatment.
The Al-Tasrif is divided into three parts:
- the 1st on the theory and general medicine;
- 2 nd on the practice, discipline and Stroke: The regime in children and the elderly, gout, rheumatism, abscesses, wounds, poisons and venoms, external diseases of the skin and fever;
- on the 3rd surgery: The cauterization, minor procedures, bleeding, the operation of bladder stones and gangrene, dislocations, fractures, hemiplegia caused by trauma and childbirth.
The Al-Tasrif was translated into Latin and illustrated in the twelfth century by Gerard of Cremona. She was the primary medical source in Europe and served as a reference for physicians and surgeons for several centuries.
Abu Al-Qasim has not always received credit for its medical advances: he had described in his Al-Tasrif method is called today "Kocher" for the treatment of a dislocated shoulder, and position "Walcher" in obstetrics. He had already described how ligating blood vessels for centuries before that Ambroise Pare only popularized the method. He was also the first to write books about dental appliances and have described the hereditary nature of hemophilia. It is also the first in 963 , to have described the ectopic pregnancy , then deadly.
Advanced Medical
Abu Al-Qasim conducted, described and completed numerous surgical procedures such as:
- the trepanation ;
- the amputations ;
- treatment of fistulas, hernias, the imperforate anus;
- the cure of aneurysm ;
- Operation of goiter ;
- lithotomy;
- excision of varicose veins;
- surgical treatment of osteo-arthritis include spinal tuberculosis ( Pott's disease ) seven centuries before Pott;
- the use of cautery to the hemostasis.
In addition:
- it is the first to perform arterial ligation;
- it is the first to talk about the Trendelenburg position, particularly in the operations of the pelvis. This position is attributed to the classic German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg ;
- method of reducing dislocations of the shoulder (current Kocher maneuver );
- the patellectomy, nearly a thousand years before Ralph Brooke ;
- usage intestines of cats in abdominal surgery, the sutures with a thread and 2 needles, sutures subdermal leaving no scar;
- in obstetrics , he advises different techniques for different malpresentations. He also talks about the position now known as the Walcher position and useful tools to extract the fetus died in utero;
- it happens to be the inventor of the still used for distilling alcohol. But he says that the etymology itself comes from the Greek Alexandrian ambix (= mud).
He wrote many books, which, translated into Latin, Western influence surgery. He painted plates with the first representations of surgical instruments, often invented by him. These boards are a valuable catalog of surgical tools used then.
He invented among other devices that allow you to:
- to inspect the inside of the urethra;
- remove foreign objects from the throat;
- inspect the ears.
Bibliography
- Editions of Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
- (Fro) (en) Albucasis, Traitier of cyrurgie. Edition of the Old French translation of Abu'l Qasim Halaf Surgery Ibn 'Abbas al-Zahrawi manuscript BNF, French 1318, ed. by David A. Trotter, Tbingen, 2005 ( ISBN 3-484-52325-5 ) ( reporting ; other cr ).
- (Ar) (en) Albucasis, On Surgery and Instruments, ed. Arabic trans. English by Martin S. Spink and Geoffrey L. Lewis, London, 1973 ( online partially).
- (En) External link
Source partial
Marie-Nicolas Bouillet and Alexis Chassang (ed.), "Abu al-Qasim" in Universal Dictionary of History and Geography, 1878 Notes
- or Halaf ibn Abbas Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, the international form of the BNF.
- The dictionary gives Bouillet 1107 as the date of death, many other sources like the Britannica gives encyclopedi 1036
See also
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