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Abdul Hamid Ii

Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1890

Abdul Hamid II (other transcripts : (born 21 September 1842 in Constantinople - died on 10 February 1918 in the same city) was the son of Sultan Abdlmecid ^I. and an Armenian 's Harem Verjine named. It was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of the Muslims of the deposition of his brother Murad V on 31 August 1876 at his own dismissal by the Young Turks on 27 April 1909. He was replaced by another of his brothers, Mehmed V.

Biography

At his accession to the throne, Abdul Hamid II was supposed to be animated liberal principles, and the more conservative of his subjects tended to look with suspicion as a zealous reformer. But the situation of the country's accession was ill-suited to a liberal evolution.

Whether the lack of public funding and treasury empty, the insurrection of 1875 in Bosnia-Herzegovina , the war with Serbia and Montenegro , or the feelings aroused in Europe following the methods brutal tactics to suppress the rebellion in Bulgaria while the new Sultan urged not to undertake market reforms promised at the Berlin Treaty of 1878 signed with European powers. However, the Sublime Porte had good relations with the United Kingdom because of its position as a bulwark against the Russian Empire , and began to see Germany unified as a potential ally.

Around 1890 , the Armenians began to demand the promised liberal reforms to Berlin. Tensions erupted in 1892 and 1893 to Merzifon and Tokat. In 1894 , an Armenian rebellion was brutally suppressed in the mountainous region of Sassun. The Europeans then demanded protection for Armenian Christians, to which the sultan replied in a series of killings, massacres Hamidian Hamidiyeh perpetrated by the army. In all of Anatolia and to Constantinople , between 1894 and 1896, it will be more than 200,000 Armenians who are killed, some 100,000 to Islam by force and more than 100,000 women abducted to be sent to harems ^References

Jacques de Morgan (Pref. Constant Vautravers and Edmond Khayadjian), History of the Armenian people, Academy of Marseille, 1981, p. 269.

Literature

(Fr) Francois Georgeon, Abdul Hamid II. Sultan Caliph, Fayard, Paris, 2003

Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
XIV ^century	Osman ^I. Orhan Murad ^I. Bayezid ^I.
XV ^century	Mehmed ^I. Murad II Mehmed II Bayezid II
XVI ^century	Selim ^I. Suleiman ^I Salim II Murad III Mehmed III
XVII ^century	Ahmet ^I. Mustafa ^I. Osman II Murad IV Ibrahim ^I. Mehmed IV Soliman II Ahmet II Mustafa II
XVIII ^century	Ahmet III Mahmud ^I. Osman III Mustafa III Abdul Hamid ^I. Selim III
XIX ^century	Mustafa IV Mahmud II ^I. Abdlmecit Abdulaziz Murad V Abdul Hamid II
^Twentieth century	Mehmed V Mehmed VI Abdlmecit II