Abd Al Rahman I
Abd al-Rahman I Umayyads of Cordoba |
`Abd al-Rahman I ( Arabic : or Abderrahman I, said or ( Arabic ad-Dahila ), and nicknamed (Arabic: as-Saqr quray ) was born in Damascus in 731 and died in Cordoba in 788. It was the first emir Umayyad independent of the Emirate of Cordoba ( Al Andalus ), founded in 756.
Summary |
Biography
Grand son of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik , tenth Caliph Umayyad was the son of Muawiya ibn Hisham and his wife, Berber , the tribe NAFZ . Having escaped miraculously the massacre of her family, which was almost entirely exterminated by the Abbasids in 750 , he fled to Spain where the Moors called it established in this country. He reduced his power under almost the whole country, fixed his residence at Crdoba and ruled peacefully for 31 years, making flower letters and the arts and cultivating himself poetry. They gave him the nickname of Just.
Youth
During the ascent of the Abbasids, Abd al-Rahman had less than twenty years. He took refuge in the desert with his brother Yahya amid tribal Bedouin. The Abbasids were able to find them and his brother was killed, but Abd al-Rahman still managed to escape. He took shelter in a time Syria , then in North Africa.
In the confusion produced by the change of dynasty, Africa was divided among various local factions, former emirs or the servants of the Umayyad caliphs. Abd al-Rahman, feeling no safe, fled further west and found refuge among tribal Berbers of Mauritania (each offering Abd al-Rahman to marry the chief's daughter). It took courage with a prophecy of his great-uncle Maslama, that he would restore the fortunes of his family, and he found support among supporters of the Umayyad.
Arrival in Spain
In 755 , he hid in the vicinity of Ceuta and sent an envoy to Spain to seek support among the descendants of the conquerors of Spain and supporters of the Umayyads, many in the province of Elvira (now Granada ). The country was shaken because of the tensions between Arab tribes, and between Arabs and Berbers, and also because of the prevailing criticism of the Emir Yusuf al-Fihri , considered low and simple puppet in the hands of various factions. Abd al-Rahman saw an opportunity that was not found in Africa. Responding to his supporters, he landed in September 755 to Almucar , east of Malaga.
Negotiations failed with Yusuf al-Fihri
For a time, Abd al-Rahman left adviser by his supporters, aware of the risks of its business. Proposed Yusuf Abd al-Rahman, one of his daughters in marriage and land. This represented less than he hoped he would get but resigned to be content if the insolence of one of the messengers of Yusuf, a Spanish renegade, had not outraged Obeidullah, one of the leaders loyal to the Umayyads: he mocked the inability of Obeidullah to write Arabic well. In response to provocation, Obeidullah unsheathed his sword.
Changes of Cordoba and rise to power
Now supported by Kalbites in 756 , Abd al-Rahman led a campaign in the valley of the Guadalquivir , which ended on May 16 by the rout of Yusuf and his flight to Cordoba. The troops of Abd al-Rahman were low (Abd al-Rahman was the only one to have a good war horse). With no banner, they improvised with a turban and a spear. This sign had become a symbol of the Spanish Umayyads. In July , Abd al-Rahman formalized its alliance with the Kalbites. A month later, he became malik (king) and Emir of al-Andalus. However, it must wait 929 for the caliphate of Cordoba was officially founded by Abd al-Rahman III.
Reign
The long reign of Abd al-Rahman was mainly marked by numerous updates to the order of Arabs and Berbers to rally under one mandate. In 759 , he mata a rebellion fomented by the former Emir, which ended in the execution of the latter. In 763 , he had to face in his hometown fans in the pay of the Abbasids. It beheaded the leaders, made them with salt and soak in mothballs before they are sent to the Caliphate of the East as a warning.
In his later years, Abd al-Rahman also had to outwit and brutally suppress a succession of plots in his palace, for laying a solid foundation for the dynasty which secured control of the Umayyad Spain until 1031. He also built the Mosque of Cordoba , which was completed shortly before his death.
| Preceded by | Abd al-Rahman I | Followed by | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yusuf al-Fihri Governor of Al-Andalus |
| Hisham I. |
References
- Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Moorish Spain
- Marcel Durliat, Andalucia, Encyclopedia Universalis V.10
Source
- This article includes excerpts from the dictionary Bouillet . You can remove this indication, if the text reflects the current knowledge on the subject, if sources are cited, it meets the current language and if it does not contain words that go against the rules neutrality of .
- (Es) This article is partially or entirely from the article in Spanish entitled " Rahman I (see the list of authors )
-
Internet
Loading ...