Aaron Ben Moshe Ben Asher

Aharon ben Asher ( Hebrew : ( ) ^{Biographical Elements}

Aaron ben Moses descends from a line of Masoretes established in Tiberias for five or six generations. His father, Moshe ben Asher, is the author of Codex Cairensis (written around 895 of the Common Era ). The founder of the line, "Asher Hazaqen Hagadol" (the great ancestor Asher) had lived in the second half of the ^eighth century , and was a contemporary of Anan ben David , traditionally regarded as the founder of Karaism , not a Jewish movement Based on the Hebrew Bible , an opponent of Rabbinic Judaism and its traditional Talmud.

The date of his death is not known with certainty, but in a letter dated 989, is said to be "buried in the garden of Eden. "

Work

Dikdouke HaTe'amim

One of the most enduring contributions of Ben Asher is his Sefer Dikdouke HaTe'amim (Book precise rules on the Accents), also called Ma'hberet Ben Asher, a collection of grammatical rules and know Masoretic marks cantillation ( taamei hamiqra ). Written in Hebrew, it is composed of two parts, and Masoretic grammar, the first is written in rhymed prose. It deals mainly with phonology, the correct way to note the shva , morphology and distinguishes between base letters and letters functional.
The Dikdouke HaTe'amim can be considered the pinnacle of Masoretic literature and evidence, in his theory of forms, the influence of Arabic grammar. However, the treaty may not yet be regarded as truly grammatical, its purpose is not the study of language but the preservation of a tradition of writing and pronunciation.

The book was printed for the first time in two parts, a treatise on accents ( 1517 ) and Grammar ( 1615 ). It was later published under the title ha-Didoue e'amim S. Baer & HL Strack (Leipzig, 1879) A critical edition was prepared by Aron Dotan (Diqduqei of Aharon ben Mose Hateamim ben Asher, Jerusalem, 1967)

The Aleppo Codex

According to the information recorded in the last pages of the Aleppo Codex , a copy of the text have been made in the land of Israel around 920 by a scribe named Shlomo ben Bouya'a before being verified, vocalized, and accented with notes by Ben Asher Masoretic.

The care taken by Ben Asher's work quickly became a guarantee. In 989, the anonymous scribe of a manuscript of his book Prophets promotes ensuring vocalized and have added notes Masoretic "according to the books that have been

. "
Similarly, Moses Maimonides wrote, referring to a manuscript of twenty-four books of the Bible, from the land of Israel and located at the time in Egypt (which corresponds strongly to the description of the codex Aleppo): "All relied on, since it was corrected by Ben Asher, and was analyzed by him and worked for many years and has been revised several times by Massor ; I myself based on that manuscript in the Sefer Torah that I wrote . "In addition, reliance by an authority as important as Moses Maimonides in this book, (even if it refers to them as compared to the division of text into sections open and closed , not the text itself ) give it a seal of supreme authority.

The Masoretic text prepared by Aharon ben Asher is considered the ultimate fix for any edition of the Hebrew Bible since. However, after Jewish Bibles in some places the tradition of competing Moshe ben Naphtali.

Other

Other treaties Masoretic attributed to Ben Asher, including a list of 80 pairs of homophones Biblical rules on letters that are sometimes used as auxiliaries ( , , and ) which can soften the pronunciation of a consonant group Be Ga " D Ke Fa " T that follows (from a pronunciation occlusive pronunciation to a fricative ) .

Ben Asher was a Karaite or Rabbanite it?

Scholarly controversy exists as to whether the Masoretes Aharon ben Asher, whose work is respected by both Jews Rabbinites by the Karaites, was a Karaite itself. The question is raised for the first time in the nineteenth ^century , when scientists hypothesize that the treaty controversy Ala Essa Mishali - Kitab al-Radd ala Ben Asher of Saadia Gaon , a fierce opponent of the Karaites, was none other that Aaron ben Asher. The focus of Masoretes and Karaites, namely the Hebrew Bible, being the same, the approximation does not seem so risky ^, . The colophon of the Aleppo Codex itself is ambiguous, being attributed to "Mar Rav Aharon ben Asher March Rav (Rav is not usually a title given by the Karaites, they prefer using the term hakham - wise), but noting the book as the "treasure" (segoula ) of the Karaite community of Jerusalem.

Caspar Levia J. hypothesis "untenable , "without giving further details. Aron Dotan , whose work on the Dikdouke HaTeamim and the Leningrad codex led to "rub" their authority frequently, publishes Ben Asher's Creed. A Study of the History of the Controversy (Missoula, Mont., 1977) where he produces evidence to reach the same conclusion. For their part, proponents of the hypothesis believe that the information contained in the documents of the Cairo Geniza supports their claims . The debate is not solved yet.

Arguments in favor of the membership of the Ben Asher Karaism Saadia Gaon, known opponent of Karaism has debated with Ben Asher about the pronunciation of three Hebrew words and other grammatical considerations. The epithets attributed to Ben Asher in the colophon Aleppo Codex (Chacham, lord of the scribes, the wise father and first teacher) are found almost exclusively among the Karaites. The codex became the property of the Karaite community of Jerusalem in the mid- eleventh century. Other writings, including Ta'amei HaDikdoukim, include designs Karaites, including status in the prophetic books of Scripture. In addition, Ben Asher frequently uses, like the Karaites, the word and the concept of heikesh (deduction by analogy). The main effort of the Jews Rabbinites wore at the time of the Mishna and the Talmud. Therefore, much of the literature is the work of Masoretic Karaites. The Shirat Moshe ben Asher Geffen has many similarities with the Karaite literature. Therefore, he and his son Aaron were Karaites.

Arguments against this hypothesis The "Ben Asher" is verbally abused by Saadia, according to Aron Dotan, not Aaron, but Samuel ben Asher ben Mansur , a Karaite Controversial minor. There, outside the letter of Saadia and colophon, no documents attesting to membership of the Ben Asher Karaism (while the Karaites should, however, brag) nor, Moreover, in rabbinic Judaism. The colophon Aleppo Codex is after a century in its drafting. Ben Asher could have compiled more than writing the Dikdoukei HaTeamim. Furthermore, the exclusively Karaite terms mentioned is doubtful. The researchers found no trace of a Karaite community in Tiberias. Moses Maimonides, who rents Aharon ben Asher without reservations, was an outspoken opponent of the Karaites.

References

This article incorporates text from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1901-1906, article "AARON BEN MOSES BEN ASHER" by Caspar Levia , a publication now in the public domain.

See also

Related articles

• Aleppo Codex

Bibliography

• "Aaron Ben-Asher, of Charles Weiss , Universal Biography or Historical Dictionary containing the obituary of famous men of all countries, 1841.
• (In) Aron Dotan, Ben Asher's Creed, Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1977
• (He) Rafael Zer, "Was the Masoretic Of The Keter has Rebbetzin Karaite gold?" Sefunot 23 (2003) Pages 573-587

Geonim Period ( 589 - 1,038 )
Geonim of Soura	March Rav Huna bar AIHA Yehuda Natrona Amram (?) Saadia Samuel ben Hofn Other
Geonim of Pumbedita	Hanan of Isqiya Sherira hai Hizkiya (?) Other
The Jews in Babylonia	Exilarch Babylonian academies ( Sura Pumbedita Nehardea etc.. )
The Jews of Israel	Palestinian academies Aaron ben Meir Ben Asher and Ben Naphtali
The Karaites	Anan Benjamin Daniel Salman Sahl Yaphet Yaqub Other wise Karaites Princes Karaites
Other protesters	Abu Issa Yudghan Hamadan Hiwi al-Balkhi Ishmael of Oukbara Moussa Tiflis Meshwi of Oukbara
The Jews of Kairouan	Isaac Israeli Dunash ibn Tamim Jacob ben Nissim Houshiel Hananel Nissim ben Jacob
The Jews in Spain	Hasdai ibn Shaprut Dunash ben Labrat Menahem Ben Sarouk Judah ben David Hayyuj Samuel ibn Nagrela Yona ibn Jannah
Intellectual activity	Responsa Halachic Codes Arrangement of ritual ( Seder ) Philosophy ( Kalam ) Massor Grammar etc..

Massor
Eras of Massor	Soferim Masoretes (Ben Asher and Ben Naphtali ) Nakdanim Expert ( Ben Hayyim Elia Levita CD Ginsburg )
Schools	Babylonian hyrosolimite Galilean Tiberian ( Tiberian pronunciation of Hebrew )
Signs of vocalization	Patah Kamatz Shva Tsere Hiriq Segol Holam Kouboutz & Shourouk
Diacritical	DAGESH ( hard and soft ) Mappiq Rafe Point Shin
Other signs and notes	Signs cantillation Gueresh & Guershayim Meteg Noun reversed Qeri-ketiv
Works	Aleppo Codex Leningrad Codex Codex cairensis

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